COMPUTER

COMPUTER 

Q. NO 1 :- WHAT IS COMPUTER ?

ANSWER :- COMPUTER IS AN ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING MACHINE OR DEVICE.

                    CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER 

                    1. SPEED

                    2 ACCURACY 

                    3 DILIGENCE

                    4 STORAGE  

 TYPE OF COMPUTER 

 

   IN GENERAL COMPUTER ARE THREE TYPE 

i DIGITAL COMPUTER

 ii. ANALOG COMPUTER

 iii. HYBRID COMPUTER 

 

DIGITAL COMPUTER:-

                                             IN DIGITAL  COMPUTER , MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS ARE REPRESENTED  AS BINARY DIGITS  (0 AND 1) AND ALL THE OPERATION ARE DONE USING  THESE DIGITS AT VERY HIGH RATE.

ANALOG COMPUTER :- 

                                                IN ANALOG COMPUTER .SIMILARITIES ARE ESTABLISHED IN FORM OF CURRENT OR VOLTAGE SIGNAL . IN THIS COMPUTER THE VARIABLE IS AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PRODUCED ANALOGOUS TO THE VARIABLE OF PHYSICAL  SYSTEM.

HYBRID COMPUTER:- 

                                            HYBRID COMPUTER IS A COMPUTER , WHICH IS COMBINATION COMPUTER USING ALL THE GOOD QUALITIES OF BOTH THE ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMPUTER.

                                                                HISTORY OF COMPUTER 

1. 
   ABACUS:- THE FIRST COMPUTING DEVICE DEVELOPED BY THE EGYPTIANS , LATER IT IMPROVED BY CHINESE AND JAPANESE IN ABOUT 3000 BEFORE CHRIST .
2. 
   NAPIES BONES :- IT WAS DEVELOPED BY SCOTTISH MATHEMATICIAN JONE NAPIES .IT IS A DEVICE  THAT CONSIST A SET OF RODS FOR USE IN CALCULATION INVOLVING MULTIPLICATION , THESE RODS WERE CARVED FROM BONES AND THERE FORE IT IS CALLED NAPIES BONES.
3. 
   SLIDE RULE :- THIS DEVICE DEVELOPED BY WILLIAM OUGHTRED AN ANALOG DEVICE  THAT USES THE PRINCIPLES OF ALGORITHMS IN 1620 AD.
4. 
   PASCALS ODDING MACHINE PASCALINE :- THE FIRST MECHANICAL CALCULATING MACHINE WAS MADE IN 1642 AD BY GREAT FRANCH MATHETICIAN AND PHILOSOPHER  BLOISE PASCAL.
5. 
   FIRST USE FOR BINARY CODES:- IN 1623 AD BY FRANCIES BARON REPRESENTED THE FIRST USE OF BINARY CODES.
1. 
   DIFFERENCE ENGINE :- IN 1822 AD CHALLS BABBAGE ,A PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS AT CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY , INVENTED DIFFERENCE ENGINE ,WHICH COULD CALCULATED ACCURATE ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS AND MATHEMATICAL TABLE , HE WAS KNOWN AS FATHER OF COMPUTER SCIENCE .
6. IN 1840 LADY ADA LOVCHACE, THE FIRST PROGRAMMER SUGGESTED BINARY DATA STORAGE RATHER THEN THE DECIMAL .
7. IN 1940 JON VAN NEUNARN PRESENTED FIRST STORED PROGRAM CONCEPT.
8. 
   IN 1944 AILEEM BUILT ,THE MARK-1 THE FIRST AUBNATIC SEQUENCE CONTROLLED CALCULATOR .
9. 
   IN 1949 MAURICE V WILLES OF CAMBRIGE BUILT EDSAC ( ELECTRONIC DEPLOYED STORAGE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER ) THIS IS A FIRST STORED PROGRAM COMPUTER.
10. 
    IN 1950 JURING BUILT THE ACE ( AUTOMATIC COMPUTER ENGINE ). WHICH CAN BE CONSIDERED THE FIRST PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL COMPUTER .
11. 
    IN 1951 MACHHY AND ECKERT BUILT FIRST COMPUTER DESIGNED  AND SOLD COMMERCIALLY UNIVAC -1( UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC COMPUTER)
12. H.EDWARD ROBERTS DESIGNED THE FIRST MICRO COMPUTER .HE IS KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF MICRO COMPUTER .
13. IN 1980 IBM (INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE ) INTRODUCE FIRST PERSONAL COMPUTER. (PC)

COMPUTER GENERATION

GENERATION	TECHNOLOGY	YEARS	FEATURES	EXAMPLES
FIRST	VACUAMTABE MECHANE , ASSEMBLE  LANGUAGE.	1942-1955	BULKY IN SIGE ,COSTLY  AND DIFFICULT TO USE	ENIAC, EDVAC
SECOND	TRANSISTOR,HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE ,SECONDARY MEMORY	1955-1964	FASTER,SMALLER,USABLE THAN FIRST GENERATION ,BUT STILL VERY DIFFICULT AND COSTLY	UNIVAC
3ED GENERATION	IC WITH SSI AND MSI TECHNOLOGY	1964-1975	MORE RELIABLE ,EASIER AND CHEAPER	IBM 360
4TH GENERATION	IC WITH VLSI TECHNOLOGY, MICRO PROCESSOR	1975-1989	SMALL AFFORDABLE RELIABLE AND EASY TO USE P.C	IBM PC, APPLE II
5TH GENERATION	IC WITH ULSI TECHNOLOGY,MULTI MICRO PROCESSOR CHIPS	1989-PRESENT	PORTABLE COMPUTER POWER BUILT CHEAPER	IBM NOTE BOOK, PENTUM PC.